Enzymes
Enzymes are natural catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical response in cells. Enzymes are protein in nature and work best under sure optimal conditions. Environmental conditions that have an effect on the rate at which enzymes catalyze reactions include; temperature, pH, substrate concentration and the specificity of a precise enzyme. They append themselves to openings on the substrates called dynamic destinations to speed up a specific synthetic response.
There are unique sorts of proteins each with a particular response in which it catalyzes. Once the response is finished, the compound de-touches from the substrate and joins to another for a similar response. Adams (2003) contends that the chemical amylase discovered in salivation accelerates or catalyzes starch hydrolysis. Because of the reality catalysts are substances that are protein in nature; their structures (Secondary and tertiary) are influenced by pH, the nearness of substantial metals particles like zinc and temperature("Temperature Effects (Introduction To Enzymes)"). The exercises of chemicals are connected with their structure.
The purpose of this experiment is to determine how temperature affects the rate of enzyme reactions (Guang Wu, Shaomin Yan). We are provided with the enzyme amylase found in the pancreas and we are asked to determine the rate at which it digests a starch solution by incubating the solution at different temperatures. Iodine solution is used to show the physical change in the rate of reaction.
Experimental Approach
For this trial, starch amylase blends were brooded at four unique temperatures. The ideal opportunity for the response to occur and the shading to change in each of the test tubes was recorded to decide the rate of response.
Incubate the mixture of starch and enzyme amylase in 4 test tubes set at different temperatures of 5▫, 20▫, 35▫ and 60▫.
To record the changes in our experiment, we draw samples from each test tube at a given time interval (starting from 1 min to 15 min). We then test the sample against an iodine solution and record the color.
Black=iodine present, reddish= dextrines present, yellow= no dexrines or starch.
Results
The following graph shows the color change in iodine solution at different time intervals on each test tube.
|
Time |
Temperature |
||||
|
5▫ |
20▫ |
35▫ |
60▫ |
||
|
0 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
1 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
2 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
3 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
4 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
5 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
6 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
7 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
8 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
9 |
B |
R |
R |
Y |
|
|
10 |
B |
R |
Y |
Y |
|
|
11 |
B |
R |
Y |
Y |
|
|
12 |
B |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
13 |
B |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
14 |
B |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
15 |
B |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
The following chart shows the relationship of temperature and the time required to digest the starch.
Conclusion
Changes in temperature influence the rate of a chemical catalyzed response. At a low temperature (e.g., 0 ºC) the rate of response is low. As the temperature is expanded, the rate of response increment until the point when an ideal temperature is come to. Inside ideal temperature run, the rate of response is roughly multiplied for each 10 ºC ascend in temperature. With additionally ascend in temperature, over the ideal temperature the rate of response diminish, because of denaturation of the compound-protein and subsequently loss of action (Guang Wu, Shaomin Yan). The ideal temperature is the aftereffect of the harmony between the rate of increment in the chemical action from one viewpoint and the rate of decline because of denaturation on the other. The ideal temperature might be dictated by measuring the measure of substrate changed to an item by a catalyst in a given time at various temperatures. Most proteins are inactivated over 70 ºC. For most catalysts, the ideal temperature is at or over the temperature of the cells in which the protein is found in vivo.
Reference
Guang Wu, Shaomin Yan. "Prediction Of Michaelis-Menten Constant In Beta-Cellobiosidases Reaction With Lactoside As Substrate." Enzyme Engineering, vol 01, no. 01, 2011, OMICS Publishing Group, doi:10.4172/2329-6674.1000102.
"Temperature Effects (Introduction To Enzymes)." Worthington-Biochem.Com, 2017, http://www.worthington-biochem.com/introbiochem/tempeffects.html.
"BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Temperature, Ph And Enzymes." Bbc.Co.Uk, 2017, http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/proteins/proteinsrev3.shtml.
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