Cohort Population

Survivorship Curves and Population Dynamics

Among all non-obligatory results of conception is a stay birth. In human survivorship is a basic fundamental expression of populace interplay. Survivorship curves were implemented with an goal of assisting us to project and envision how the variety of people in a given population reduces with time.

Measuring Population and Cohort Analysis

In order to take measurements of a population, it is prudent to set up a cohort. Cohort is a group of people of the equal species, born at the same time in similar population. When an person in a given population passes-on data is taken and recorded and later on introduced as survivorship curves which can be used to contrast population of various species. A survivorship curve literally depicts the survivorship in a cohort. If cohorts are the same throughout period, they can be put into considerations to describe the survivorship of a population since survivorship can differ in different ecosystems. Therefore the general outline of survivorship curves can be influenced by both biotic and a biotic factors, such as competition and temperature. This paper will examine in depth measures HIV/AIDS as a negative factor that affects and negatively impacts human survivorship.

HIV/AIDS and Its Impact on Survivorship

HIV/AIDS is among the most devastating and eradicative health hazards of the centuries, frustrating people worldwide. Therefore, HIV/AIDs is an abbreviation of Human immunodeficiency virus and AIDs on the other hand is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final phase of HIV. It is the phase which shows up when someone’s body immunity is negatively harmed, becomes susceptible to infections when the bodies immunity is impaired. This normally occurs when cell in the body referred to the CD4 cells go below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, when this occur a person is said to have advanced to AIDS(Marston, Milly, et al). An individual can be infected with AIDS if he/she exhibits one or more opportunistic infections, regardless of the CD4 count. This therefore implies that without proper treatment and care, those infected with AIDS can typically survive for a maximum of three years, in addition if someone in diagnosed with one perilous illness life expectancy is greatly affected and is only limited to one year, therefore, individuals with this disease require proper medical attention in order to prevent death occurrences.

The Impact of AIDS on Population Decline

In both developing and developed countries population has been steadily declining. Before many countries worldwide were enjoying longevity until the emergence of AIDS epidemic in the 80s, since then long life expectancy has been in great jeopardy and a painful journey to achieve according to (Merson, Michael H. "New England Journal of Medicine 354.23 2006: pg 2414-2417). According to factual statistics, it is said that cumulatively since the emergence of AIDS close to 11 million individuals have so far lost their lives to the disease. AIDS has taken a catastrophic toll on many societies and countries. Few years back a projection showed that 3.2 million individuals cumulatively died from this deadly disease in addition close to 2.5 million of that number came from the Sub- Sahara African countries. Individuals surviving with AIDS are susceptible to contacting other sicknesses since their immunity is weakened by the disease. Let’s take for instance in Africa, mortality rates in young ones, who are yet to reach 5 years are significantly greater than they would been without HIV. Nevertheless, without the existence of drugs, 45% of the children born infected with HIV die even before they could reach 1 year and around 60% die by the time they hit 5 years.

The Shift in Age Structure and Mortality Rates

Number of deaths caused by AIDS alters the age structure in many developing countries with low recorded case of HIV/AIDS, death occurrence cases are between young and aged individuals. AIDS sharply hit adults in their prime ages and when they are at the pinnacle of their career thereby shifting and disorienting the normal trend of deaths and deforming the age formation in many countries. Africa is the world’s leading continent when it comes to AIDS affecting both the adolescent and aged individuals and fast killing them before they could manage it. Mortality rates of AIDS in S. Africa for instance individuals between the age of 20 -49 contributed for almost 3/5 deaths in that region according to (Dixon, Simon, Scott McDonald, and Jennifer Roberts; pg 232-234B). AIDS associated deaths are so rampant between the ages of 26-46 years, countries recording high HIV infection rates lose count of huge numbers of skilled personnel hence, creating a huge gap in age difference that makes it near impossible for a country to refill. Critical research argues that women are more susceptible to be attacked by the disease as compared to men in some regions and countries.

The Impact of HIV/AIDS on the World

HIV/AIDS being a life-threatening disease it has negatively impacted the world not only has its effects been felt by individuals but also countries’ economies, it is a detrimental menace to the world. As it continues to spread steadily fast neither vaccine nor viable cure has ever come to existence and the only way to prevent it is by sheer abstinence and being faithful to one partner or using a protection (Merson, Michael H. "New England Journal of Medicine 354.23 2006: pg 2414-2417). Effects AIDS has had on people are utmost critical and is said that it could deteriorate in the short-term. AIDS affects human survivorship by causing premature deaths in adolescent individuals and the aged thereby causing survivorship imbalance. If this continues without any attempt to stop or regulate it then the mortality rate will sky-rocket, causing inequality in the ratio of mortality ratio to birth ratio.

The Importance of Government Intervention

In countries which are harsh hit by AIDS epidemic the tragic loss of a parent or a close relative not only affects the family but also workplaces, farms, schools, government and health systems. Notwithstanding, all conditional doubts bordering measures and the effects and impacts of the disease, AIDS is showing dominance in some countries while in few others it is manageable and brought under control by the government, presenting absolute zero case on AIDS (Dixon, Simon, Scott McDonald, and Jennifer Roberts; pg 232-234B). Government together with the local residents should play a major role in ensuring that people with the disease are well cared for and that it does not spread further and affect human survivorship. The graph below shows: Analysis of Maple Hill Cemetery Demographics and human survivorship in details.