DOES INCARCERATION AFFECT JUVENILES?
The Impact of Incarceration on Juveniles
The federal-state prisons and jail systems are currently defined through the entrenched racial disparities within the population of incarcerated individuals. Mass incarceration is attributed to the public policies that have been sustained over a long time due to increased institutionalized racism.
Incarceration Rates for Different Races
America prisons imprison many younger people at higher rates as compared to other nations. The national and international incarceration rates for the whites are 420 per 100,000 American residents as compared to the 740 Hispanics and 2,280 for the Africans. However, these standards have been decreasing due to the severe effects of incarceration on juveniles.
Effects on Educational Attainment
At the tremendous costs, imprisonment of the minors mainly serves to ensure a constant reduction in educational attainment of the youth. Moreover, it would increase chances of incarceration in adulthood. However, new studies suggest that several alternatives used in correcting the juveniles cannot save the American money within a short run but would only give the juvenile criminals better projections in future. Therefore this research paper uses descriptive, review, and correlational research designs in evaluating the effects of incarceration. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative research methods are used in obtaining the data about confinement and its impact on the juveniles. These strategies are significant in providing sufficient data and analysis regarding incarceration. But does incarceration affect the youths?
Behavioral and Psychological Effects of Incarceration on Juveniles
Recently, researchers have shown that several prisons have been causing behavioral and psychological effects on the juveniles. The critical impact of imprisonment is the lack of opportunity by minors to pursue education. Incarcerating juveniles has severe challenges on several educational opportunities. The juvenile incarceration continuously increases the likelihood of school dropout and the imprisonment of adulthood. Confinement leads to the loss of the ability of an individual to continue participating in the democratic processes of the country and ultimately a person's citizenship through the felon disenfranchisement rules. Another effect is that incarceration has been failing to meet the criminogenic and developmental demand of the juvenile offenders. Moreover, incarcerating methods do not provide sufficient rehabilitation for the juveniles. It is argued that there are adverse behavioral and constant mental health effects that result from incarceration.
Alternatives to Incarceration for Effective Treatment
Despite being viewed as an essential mechanism for public protection, imprisonment is not a valid method of correcting offenders either regarding an outcome or costs. However, severe behavioral challenges from the juvenile offenders occur due to an interactive and complex interaction between an individual and the environmental factors. These factors maintain and elicit offending behavior. Therefore, there must be an appropriate approach for effective treatment of the juveniles. Recent research shows that to achieve a successful outcome for the youth offenders, public, and community-based, there must be empirically supported intercession practices to be adopted as the fundamental alternatives to incarceration. Moreover, conducting imprisonment during adolescence and early ages interrupts social and human capital generation at critical moments. This significantly leads to a reduction in future wages within the legal sector and overall criminal activities. Moreover, there is a severe effect from family formations, weak health systems, and failure to enhance unity among the juveniles and the society. Additionally, the government has been implementing several mechanisms such as rehabilitation centers within the organizations that provide better services for the youths. Moreover, economic instability and poverty typically precede continuous incarceration on the minors with severe effects on the family dynamics. Therefore, from the above discussions, incarceration affects the juveniles in several ways such as denial of education opportunities, separation from families, and a reduction in participating in the democratic activities of the nation. As a result, this research paper confirms that yes, indeed, incarceration affects juveniles.
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