Lyme Disease
The disease Lyme infection is made worse by the bacteria Borrelia burgdoferi, which is carried by rats and other animals. Individuals contract the virus through ticks of the genus Lxodes through a bit (Stricker & Johnson, 2014). The illness was identified in a group of cases of arthritis observed in Connecticut in the 1970s. The increased reports of infection are thought to have been caused by the population development of deer ticks and rural areas, which raised the number of reservoir hosts and exposed the general public (Beard, 2014). Typical indicators of the Lyme disease entails erythema migrans rash that occur at the beginning of the infection, neuritis, carditis, headache, fever, and arthritis in the later stages of the disease development. Significantly, with an immediate treatment between 2-4 weeks through the use of oral doxycycline leads to cure of the symptoms (Beard, 2014). However, if not diagnosed early, the infection can extend to the joints, muscles, and the nervous system of the affected.
Treatment of the Infection
Treatment of Lyme disease involves the use of antibiotics that are usually administered orally, or through injection in severe cases. Patients diagnosed in the primary face of the illness by use of antibiotics tend to respond quickly and improve completely (Shapiro, 2014). Moreover, patients diagnosed at the later periods of the sickness also responds well to the drugs. However, a few patients might have permanent or recurring symptoms and might need other injections of the antibiotic cure. Some of the medications that are used to treat the disease comprises doxycycline that is prescribed to persons above eight years and cefuroxime and amoxicillin for adults (Shapiro, 2014).
Prevention of Lyme Disease
Currently, the most recommended preventive method to Lyme disease include activities intended to lower the exposure to the hosts such as ticks. However, the tactic seems challenging as industrial and entertainment activities, and residential homes are near the woodlots. Incorporation of the repellants products with N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), or protection of the skin by use of long shirts aids to protect an individual from the tick bites (Shapiro, 2014).
Additionally, bathing immediately after exposure to the disease host also helps to protect a person from an infection since the ticks take longer to attach entirely on the body. Significantly, application of acaricides on properties, use of insecticides that contains permethrin, and maintaining hygiene within the compound lowers the tick's population. Considerably, use of I. scapularis repellant with synthetic chemical compounds such as deet, EBAAP, and SS220 have proved to reduce the possibility of the disease attack (Shapiro, 2014).
Relatively, products that contain natural compounds in the form of plant essential oils like Amyris, callicarpenal, Chinese weeping cedar oil, and elemol, also aids to prevent the disease attack. Relatively, checking daily for the ticks after an outdoor activity and removal of the host tends to reduce the danger of the infection (Eisen & Dolan, 2016).
Conclusion
Since the discovery of Lyme disease, the infection has increased tremendously over the previous year's posing a threat to its control. Also, lack of a vaccine to prevent the spread of the sickness has eased its attack onto the vulnerable populace. Therefore, development of a therapeutic vaccine will aid in decreasing the level of the disease occurrence within individuals.
References
Beard, C. B. (2014). Lyme disease prevention and control-the way forward. Inside this issue: Lyme disease, 40, 91.
Eisen, L., & Dolan, M. C. (2016). Evidence for personal protective measures to reduce human contact with blacklegged ticks and for environmentally based control methods to suppress host-seeking blacklegged ticks and reduce infection with Lyme disease spirochetes in tick vectors and rodent reservoirs. Journal of medical entomology, 53(5), 1063-1092.
Shapiro, E. D. (2014). Lyme disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(18), 1724-1731.
Stricker, R. B., & Johnson, L. (2014). Lyme disease: call for a "Manhattan Project" to combat the epidemic. PLoS Pathog, 10(1), e1003796
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