Do the data meet criteria for homogeneity of variance? - Grand Canyon University
- Does the data follow homogenous variance criteria? Provide a reason for your reply. The data fulfill homogeneity requirements for variance, because Levene statistics p = 0.455 suggest that the difference between the three groups is not important. Draw the frequency distribution of the dependent variable by hand when measuring it, working hours on work. What is the delivery form? What is the outcome of the normality test for the variable Shapiro-Wilk while using SPSS? What are the means for three groups’ hours worked on a job?The mean hours worked post-treatment for the supported employment group was 14.6 hours, treatment as usual-observational 15.20 hours and treatment as usual-randomized 26.0 hours.
- What are the F value and the group and error df for this data set.
The f value is 6.162 and the degree of freedom is 2 (between group) and 12 within groups.
- Is the F significant at α = 0.05? Specify how you arrived at your answer.
F is significant at α = 0.05 because the p value obtained from the SPSS ANOVA (6.1) is larger that f critical obtained from the table, which is 3.4 - If using SPSS, what is the exact likelihood of obtaining an F value at least as extreme as or as close to the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true?(Instructor’s note: Use SPSS for this question.)
The exact likelihood of obtaining an F value at least as extreme as or close to the one observed is 0.14% (which is the same as the P value from ANOVA analysis multiplied with 100). - Which group worked the most weekly job hours post-treatment? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Treatment as usual-randomized group worked the most weekly job hours. Their mean work hours are 26.6 hours compared to treatment as usual-observational and supported employment group. - Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-formatted journal.
A one-way ANOVA performed in the number of hours worked indicated significant differences among the three groups, F (2, 12) = 6.16, p = 0.014. Post hoc comparisons using Tukey HSD comparison test indicated that veterans with spinal injuries who received supported employment worked less hours (14.6) compared to those who received treatment as usual (26.6 hours). - Is there a difference in your final interpretation when comparing the results of the LSD post hoc test versus Tukey HSD test? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Yes, LSD is more lenient compared to Tukey HSD test. - If the researcher decided to combine the two Treatment as Usual groups to represent an overall “Control” group, then there would be two groups to compare: Supported Employment versus Control. What would be the appropriate statistic to address the difference in hours worked between the two groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.
T-test would be the most appropriate to address the difference in hours because t-test is ideal when compare the means of two groups.
Exercise 33 – SPSS Output
|
Descriptives |
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|
Hours worked post-treatment |
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|
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error |
95% Confidence Interval for Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
||
|
Lower Bound |
Upper Bound |
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|
Supported Employment |
5 |
14.60 |
6.504 |
2.909 |
6.52 |
22.68 |
8 |
24 |
|
Treatment as usual-observational |
5 |
15.20 |
3.701 |
1.655 |
10.60 |
19.80 |
9 |
18 |
|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
5 |
26.60 |
7.436 |
3.326 |
17.37 |
35.83 |
15 |
35 |
|
Total |
15 |
18.80 |
8.029 |
2.073 |
14.35 |
23.25 |
8 |
35 |
|
Test of Homogeneity of Variances |
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|
Hours worked post-treatment |
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|
Levene Statistic |
df1 |
df2 |
Sig. |
|
.840 |
2 |
12 |
.455 |
|
ANOVA |
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|
Hours worked post-treatment |
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|
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Sig. |
|
|
Between Groups |
457.200 |
2 |
228.600 |
6.162 |
.014 |
|
Within Groups |
445.200 |
12 |
37.100 |
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|
Total |
902.400 |
14 |
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|
Multiple Comparisons |
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|
Dependent Variable: Hours worked post-treatment |
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|
(I) Treatment Group |
(J) Treatment Group |
Mean Difference (I-J) |
Std. Error |
Sig. |
95% Confidence Interval |
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|
Lower Bound |
Upper Bound |
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|
Tukey HSD |
Supported Employment |
Treatment as usual-observational |
-.600 |
3.852 |
.987 |
-10.88 |
9.68 |
|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
-12.000* |
3.852 |
.023 |
-22.28 |
-1.72 |
||
|
Treatment as usual-observational |
Supported Employment |
.600 |
3.852 |
.987 |
-9.68 |
10.88 |
|
|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
-11.400* |
3.852 |
.030 |
-21.68 |
-1.12 |
||
|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
Supported Employment |
12.000* |
3.852 |
.023 |
1.72 |
22.28 |
|
|
Treatment as usual-observational |
11.400* |
3.852 |
.030 |
1.12 |
21.68 |
||
|
LSD |
Supported Employment |
Treatment as usual-observational |
-.600 |
3.852 |
.879 |
-8.99 |
7.79 |
|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
-12.000* |
3.852 |
.009 |
-20.39 |
-3.61 |
||
|
Treatment as usual-observational |
Supported Employment |
.600 |
3.852 |
.879 |
-7.79 |
8.99 |
|
|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
-11.400* |
3.852 |
.012 |
-19.79 |
-3.01 |
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|
Treatment as usual-randomized |
Supported Employment |
12.000* |
3.852 |
.009 |
3.61 |
20.39 |
|
|
Treatment as usual-observational |
11.400* |
3.852 |
.012 |
3.01 |
19.79 |
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*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. |
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